In a Kilim, colored weft threads are interlaced with the warp threads in a number of ways to create patterns. Unlike carpets, kilims do not have a pile. With certain weaving techniques, the patterning is clean and clear on both sides, making the rug completely reversible. There are numerous ways to weave a Kilim, the most common method being the slit weave that, until twenty-five years ago, was the only type of carpet that could be properly defined as a Kilim.

The common materials required to make a kilim are a loom, a beating comb, a shuttle, scissors or knife and wool. Cotton, silk or even animal hair (goal, camel or horse) is sometimes used together with wool in the production of kilims. At times, small decorative beads or accessories may also be incorporated to the design. A loom is generally a simple structure of wood with perhaps a few metal parts. The function of the loom is to hold the vertical strands (warps) tightly so that the horizontal strands (wefts) can be weaved. A beating comb is a larger version of a hair comb. It is usually made of wood, metal, bone or some combinations of these materials. The beating comb, compresses the lines of wefts against the preceding ones thus producing a piece that is tightly woven. The shuttle is a stick with notches at the ends. The weft end is usually placed in the notch and the shuttle is inserted between alternate warps to produce a weave. The knife or scissors are used to trim the wefts and warps. Wool, the primary material used to make a kilim, is used mainly because it is durable, supple, takes on dyes well and handles easily when woven. It is also in abundance in regions that produce kilims.

Being flat weaves, Kilims are as functional as they are ornamental, in the form of saddle bags, cushion covers, straps and tent hangings. Kilims are comparable to the serapes of the Mexicans, or the woolen rugs and blankets of the Native Indians of North and South America.

Through excellent connections in the carpet world, the Orientalist has available a stunning array of Kilims from Senneh, Azerbaijian, Shahsovan, Afshari and Afghanistan. They are well-known for their fine quality kilims in cheerful designs and colors.